It is widely accepted that human and nonhuman species possess a specialized system to
process large approximate numerosities. The theory of an evolutionarily ancient …

Outdoor recreation is increasing in intensity and space. Areas previously inaccessible are
now being visited by ever‐growing numbers of people, which increases human–wildlife …

It has been suggested that increased predation rates may rival habitat alteration as a causal
agent in farmland bird population declines. Such a view may be over‐simplistic, however, as …

The strength of an animal's behavioural response to human presence has often been used
as an index of an animal's susceptibility to disturbance. However, if behavioural …

Population declines are often attributed to either habitat change or increased predation
rates, without a full consideration of the potential for these two factors to interact. This may …

In 1995, wolves Canis lupus were reintroduced into Yellowstone National Park, USA, where
they began to prey on ungulate species. In response to this new predation risk by wolves …

Background noise should in theory hinder detection of auditory cues associated with
approaching danger. We tested whether foraging chaffinches Fringilla coelebs responded to …

Group living commonly helps organisms face challenging environmental conditions.
Although a known phenomenon in humans, recent findings suggest that a benefit of group …

1. Game theoretic models of how animals manage predation risk have begun to describe
predator responses to prey behaviour relatively recently. This is partly because our …

From 1997 to 1999, we monitored the reproductive success of individual rufous-crowned
sparrows (Aimophila ruficeps) in coastal sage scrub habitat of southern California, USA …