Astrocytes outnumber neurons in the human brain, and they play a key role in numerous
functions within the central nervous system (CNS), including glutamate, ion (ie, Ca2+, K+) …

Osteocytes comprise the overwhelming majority of cells in bone and are its only true
“permanent” resident cell population. In recent years, conceptual and technological …

Apoptotic cells release 'find-me'signals at the earliest stages of death to recruit phagocytes.
The nucleotides ATP and UTP represent one class of find-me signals, but their mechanism …

The connexin family of channel-forming proteins is present in every tissue type in the human
anatomy. Connexins are best known for forming clustered intercellular channels, structurally …

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) has been well established as an important extracellular
ligand of autocrine signaling, intercellular communication, and neurotransmission with …

Over the past few years, the field of regulated cell death continues to expand and novel
mechanisms that orchestrate multiple regulated cell death pathways are being unveiled …

Three family members compose the pannexin family of channel-forming glycoproteins
(Panx1, Panx2 and Panx3). Their primary function is defined by their capacity to form single …

Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) serves as a signal for diverse physiological
functions, including spread of calcium waves between astrocytes, control of vascular oxygen …

Pannexins, a class of membrane channels, bear significant sequence homology with the
invertebrate gap junction proteins, innexins, and more distant similarities in their membrane …

Connexin channels are known to be permeable to a variety of cytoplasmic molecules. The
first observation of second messenger junctional permeability, made∼ 30 years ago …