Solar flares are observed at all wavelengths from decameter radio waves to gamma-rays
beyond 1 GeV. This review focuses on recent observations in EUV, soft and hard X-rays …

X-radiation from energetic electrons is the prime diagnostic of flare-accelerated electrons.
The observed X-ray flux (and polarization state) is fundamentally a convolution of the cross …

The" empirical Neupert effect"(ENE) is the observed temporal correlation of the hard X-ray
(HXR) flux F HXR (t) with the time derivative of the soft X-ray (SXR) flux dot F SXR (t) in many …

Evaporation of chromospheric plasma by particle beams has been a standard feature of
models of solar flares for many decades, supported both by observations of strong hard X …

The acceleration of electrons and protons caused by a super-Dreicer electric field directed
along the longitudinal component B y of the magnetic field is investigated. The three …

The effect of a self-induced electric field is investigated analytically and numerically on
differential and mean electron spectra produced by beam electrons during their precipitation …

Context. Multidimensional solar flare simulations have not yet included a detailed analysis of
the lower atmospheric responses, such as downflowing chromospheric compressions and …

Aims. The paper aims are to simulate steady-state distributions of electrons beams
precipitating in collisional and Ohmic losses with pitch angle anisotropy into a flaring …

Acceleration and transport of high-energy particles and fluid dynamics of atmospheric
plasma are interrelated aspects of solar flares, but for convenience and simplicity they were …

We calculate the time variation of the energy and pitch angle of high-energy electrons
injected into a magnetic loop and subsequently trapped there because of magnetic …