[HTML][HTML] 50 Years of quantum chromodynamics: Introduction and Review

F Gross, E Klempt, SJ Brodsky, AJ Buras… - The European Physical …, 2023 - Springer
Quantum Chromodynamics, the theory of quarks and gluons, whose interactions can be
described by a local SU (3) gauge symmetry with charges called “color quantum numbers” …

Parton distributions and lattice-QCD calculations: Toward 3D structure

M Constantinou, A Courtoy, MA Ebert… - Progress in Particle and …, 2021 - Elsevier
The strong force which binds hadrons is described by the theory of quantum
chromodynamics (QCD). Determining the character and manifestations of QCD is one of the …

Parton distribution functions, , and heavy-quark masses for LHC Run II

S Alekhin, J Blümlein, S Moch, R Plačakytė - Physical Review D, 2017 - APS
We determine a new set of parton distribution functions (ABMP16), the strong coupling
constant α s and the quark masses mc, mb and mt in a global fit to next-to-next-to-leading …

Parton distributions and lattice QCD calculations: a community white paper

HW Lin, ER Nocera, F Olness, K Orginos, J Rojo… - Progress in Particle and …, 2018 - Elsevier
In the framework of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), parton distribution functions (PDFs)
quantify how the momentum and spin of a hadron are divided among its quark and gluon …

Unpolarized and helicity generalized parton distributions of the proton within lattice QCD

C Alexandrou, K Cichy, M Constantinou… - Physical review …, 2020 - APS
We present the first calculation of the x dependence of the proton generalized parton
distributions (GPDs) within lattice QCD. Results are obtained for the isovector unpolarized …

Complete flavor decomposition of the spin and momentum fraction of the proton using lattice QCD simulations at physical pion mass

C Alexandrou, S Bacchio, M Constantinou… - Physical Review D, 2020 - APS
We evaluate the gluon and quark contributions to the spin of the proton using an ensemble
of gauge configurations generated at physical pion mass. We compute all valence and sea …

Moments of proton GPDs from the OPE of nonlocal quark bilinears up to NNLO

S Bhattacharya, K Cichy, M Constantinou, X Gao… - Physical Review D, 2023 - APS
For the first time, we present a lattice QCD determination of Mellin moments of unpolarized
generalized parton distributions (GPDs) of the proton from an analysis of the quasi-GPD …

Generalized parton distributions from lattice QCD with asymmetric momentum transfer: Unpolarized quarks

S Bhattacharya, K Cichy, M Constantinou, J Dodson… - Physical Review D, 2022 - APS
Traditionally, lattice QCD computations of generalized parton distributions (GPDs) have
been carried out in a symmetric frame, where the transferred momentum is symmetrically …

The proton radius puzzle

CE Carlson - Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, 2015 - Elsevier
The proton size, specifically its charge radius, was thought known to about 1% accuracy.
Now a new method probing the proton with muons instead of electrons finds a radius about …

Electric and magnetic form factors of the proton

JC Bernauer, MO Distler, J Friedrich, T Walcher… - Physical Review C, 2014 - APS
This paper describes a precise measurement of electron scattering off the proton at
momentum transfers of 0.003≲ Q 2≲ 1 GeV 2. The average point-to-point error of the cross …