The deformation of tail grouting plays an essential role in the settlement control of shield
tunnelling, which has not been visualized in construction. The conventional methods can …

Injecting grout into the gaps between tunnel shield segments and surrounding rocks can
reduce ground subsidence and prevent ground water penetration. However, insufficient …

Grouting has been proposed as a effective reinforcement method for the fractured rock of
underground engineering. However, ordinary cement-based grouting materials have self …

Non-destructive Testing (NDT) techniques and data-driven technologies are increasingly
applied in underground infrastructure maintenance, which can facilitate predictive …

The interpretation of ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data usually depends on manual work,
thus yielding unsatisfactory accuracy when processing complicated cases. To address this …

Deep learning models have achieved success in image recognition and have shown great
potential for interpretation of ground penetrating radar (GPR) data. However, training …

Ground penetrating radar (GPR), as a recognized non-destructive testing method, has been
widely applied to detect hidden defects behind a reinforced shield tunnel. However, the …

The ground penetrating radar (GPR) is an effective tool to detect the grouting layer behind
shield tunnel linings, yet to estimate the thickness from GPR data is always difficult. We …

Voids behind linings are a typical problem in the majority of operational tunnels. Previous
researches had pointed out a high correlation between the voids and tunnel damages …

Synchronous grouting is one of the most important methods to prevent surface settlement
and water seepage accidents in shield tunnel construction. Various compositions and …