This article provides a selective overview of theoretical issues and empirical findings relating
to the question of age and second language acquisition (L2A). Both behavioral and brain …

This article addresses age-related attainment effects in second language acquisition, posing
the question of whether such effects are to be explained in terms of a Critical Period with a …

A basic issue in the neurosciences of language is whether an L2 can be processed through
the same neural mechanism underlying L1 acquisition and processing. In the present paper …

Parallel generational tasks for music and language were compared using positron emission
tomography. Amateur musicians vocally improvised melodic or linguistic phrases in …

In this paper, we review issues in bilingual language comprehension in the light of functional
magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and event-related brain potential (ERP) data. Next, we …

Neuroimaging studies investigating bilingual processes have produced controversial results
in determining similarities versus differences between L1 and L2 neural networks. The …

A growing body of neuroimaging evidence has shown that Chinese character processing
recruits differential activation from alphabetic languages due to its unique linguistic features …

This article presents the results of a meta‐analysis of 30 hemodynamic experiments
comparing first language (L1) and second language (L2) processing in a range of tasks. The …

Language representation in the bilingual brain is the result of many factors, of which age of
appropriation (AoA) and proficiency of the second language (L2) are probably the most …

Functional neuroimaging, within 10 years, has produced evidence which leads us to
question a number of the standard assumptions about the areas which are necessary and …