The goal of this piece is to survey the develo** and rapidly growing literature on the
economic consequences of COVID‐19 and the governmental responses, and to synthetize …

The outbreak of SARS-COV-2 has led to the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020 and
caused over 4.5 million deaths worldwide by September 2021. Besides the public health …

The collapse of economic activity in 2020 from COVID-19 has been immense. An important
question is how much of that collapse resulted from government-imposed restrictions versus …

In light of the existing preliminary evidence of a link between Covid-19 and poor air quality,
which is largely based upon correlations, we estimate the relationship between long term air …

This paper examines the determinants of social distancing during the shutdown phase of the
COVID-19 epidemic. We classify state and local government actions, and we study multiple …

We use high-frequency indicators to analyze the economic impact of COVID-19 in Europe
and the United States during the early phase of the pandemic. We document that European …

Kenneth Gillingham is an Associate Professor of Economics at Yale University, with a
primary appointment in the School of Forestry & Environmental Studies. In 2015 to 2016, he …

We measure inequities from the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality and hospitalizations in the
United States during the early months of the outbreak. We discuss challenges in measuring …

This research shows that natural disasters may hurt energy consumption by using data on
123 countries over the period 1990–2015 and classifying them according to their economic …

For much of 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic upended social and economic life globally. In an
effort to reduce COVID-19 risks in the US, state and local governments issued many …