The definition of food security has evolved and changed over the past 50 years, including
the introduction of the four commonly cited pillars of food security: availability, access …

Environmental variability and shock events can be propagated or attenuated along food
supply chains by various economic, political and infrastructural factors. Understanding these …

Food trade plays a key role in achieving global food security. With a growing consumer
demand for diverse food products, transportation has emerged as a key link in food supply …

Global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from food loss and waste (FLW) are not well
characterized from cradle to grave. Here GHG emissions due to FLW in supply chain and …

International trade separates consumption of goods from related environmental impacts,
including greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture and land-use change (together …

Historically, human uses of land have transformed and fragmented ecosystems,, degraded
biodiversity,, disrupted carbon and nitrogen cycles, and added prodigious quantities of …

Water scarcity raises major concerns on the sustainable future of humanity and the
conservation of important ecosystem functions. To meet the increasing food demand without …

In the political discussion, the promotion of local food systems and short supply chains is
sometimes presented as a means to increase the resilience of the food system, eg in the …

Infectious diseases are emerging globally at an unprecedented rate while global food
demand is projected to increase sharply by 2100. Here, we synthesize the pathways by …

Global losses of natural area are primarily attributed to cropland expansion, whereas the
role of urban expansion is considered minor. However, urban expansion can induce …