The use of irreversible electroporation (IRE) for cancer treatment has increased sharply over
the past decade. As a nonthermal therapy, IRE offers several potential benefits over other …

Surfactants are surface-active, amphiphilic compounds that are water-soluble in the micro-to
millimolar range, and self-assemble to form micelles or other aggregates above a critical …

Methods and apparatus are provided for non-continuous cir cumferential treatment of a body
lumen. Apparatus may be positioned within a body lumen of a patient and may deliver …

(63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 10/408,665, Methods and apparatus are
provided for renal neuromodula filed on Apr. 8, 2003, now Pat. No. 7,162.303. tion using a …

(57) ABSTRACT A method and apparatus for treatment of heart failure, hypertension and
renal failure by stimulating the renal nerve. The goal of therapy is to reduce sympathetic …

Methods and apparatus are provided for intravascularly-in duced neuromodulation or
denervation. Neuromodulation may be achieved via direct and/or via indirect application of …

Aug. 16, 2007, noW Pat. No. 7,717,948, Which is a(Continued) continuation of application
No. 11/504,117,? led on continuatlon-m-part of apphcation No. 10/408,665,? led on Apr. 8 …

Related US Application Data Continuation-in-part of application No. 1 1/129,765, filed on
May 13, 2005, which is a continuation-in-part of application No. 10/408,665, filed on Apr. 8 …

Methods and apparatus are provided for pulsed electric field neuromodulation via an intra-to-
extravascular approach, eg, to effectuate irreversible electroporation or electrofusion …

Primary Examiner—Mark W Bockelman Related US Application Data(74) Attorney, Agent, or
Firm—Perkins Coie LLP (63) Continuation-in-part of application No. 1 1/129,765,(57) …