Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and life‐threating inflammatory disease of
gastroenteric tissue characterized by episodes of intestinal inflammation. The pathogenesis …

The abundance of innate and adaptive immune cells that reside together with trillions of
beneficial commensal microorganisms in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract requires …

IBD is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract encompassing two main
clinical entities: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Although Crohn's disease and …

The intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) is one of the largest interfaces between the
environment and the internal milieu of the body. It is essential to limit the passage of harmful …

The diverse bacterial populations that comprise the commensal microbiome of the human
intestine play a central role in health and disease. A method that sustains complex microbial …

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is considered the largest immunological organ in the body
having a central role in regulating immune homeostasis. Contrary to earlier belief, the …

Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent and versatile antigen-presenting cells, and their ability to
migrate is key for the initiation of protective pro-inflammatory as well as tolerogenic immune …

Foxp3+ regulatory T (T reg) cells play a key role in controlling immune pathological re
actions. Many develop their regulatory activity in the thymus, but there is also evidence for …

The unique electronic properties of the surface electrons in a topological insulator are
protected by time-reversal symmetry. Circularly polarized light naturally breaks time-reversal …

The human gastrointestinal tract is colonized by trillions of microorganisms that interact with
the host to maintain structural and functional homeostasis. Acting as the interface between …