The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family plays major pleiotropic roles by regulating
many physiological processes in development and tissue homeostasis. The TGF-β signaling …

Background The progression of cancer through stages that guide a benign hyperplastic
epithelial tissue towards a fully malignant and metastatic carcinoma, is driven by genetic and …

Metastasis is a major cause of death in patients with breast cancer. In the process of cancer
development, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is crucial to promoting the invasion …

The NFAT signaling pathway regulates various aspects of cellular functions; NFAT acts as a
calcium sensor, integrating calcium signaling with other pathways involved in development …

Nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFAT1) expression has been associated with increased
migratory/invasive properties of mammary tumor-derived cell lines in vitro. It is unknown …

Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease. Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor
(ER) modulator and is mainly indicated for the treatment of breast cancer in postmenopausal …

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process closely related to tumor development, is
regulated by a variety of signaling pathways and growth factors, such as transforming growth …

The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) program is a crucial component in the
processes of morphogenesis and embryonic development. The transition of epithelial to …

The development of cancer has been a multistep process involving mutation, proliferation,
survival, invasion, and metastasis. Of all the characteristics of cancer, metastasis is believed …

A variety of therapeutic strategies are currently under investigation to inhibit factors that
promote tumor invasion, as metastasis is the most common cause of mortality for cancer …