Nearly all genetic variants that influence disease risk have human-specific origins; however,
the systems they influence have ancient roots that often trace back to evolutionary events …

Telomeres progressively shorten throughout life. A hallmark of advanced malignancies is
the ability for continuous cell divisions that almost universally correlates with the stabilization …

Cancer is a ubiquitous disease of metazoans, predicted to disproportionately affect larger,
long-lived organisms owing to their greater number of cell divisions, and thus increased …

The rates and patterns of somatic mutation in normal tissues are largely unknown outside of
humans,,,,,–. Comparative analyses can shed light on the diversity of mutagenesis across …

Biodiversity is defined by trait differences between organisms, and biologists have long
sought to predict associations among ecologically important traits. Why do some traits trade …

Importance Evolutionary medicine may provide insights into human physiology and
pathophysiology, including tumor biology. Objective To identify mechanisms for cancer …

Multicellularity is characterized by cooperation among cells for the development,
maintenance and reproduction of the multicellular organism. Cancer can be viewed as …

Our understanding of cancer is being transformed by exploring clonal diversity, drug
resistance, and causation within an evolutionary framework. The therapeutic resilience of …

Cancer drug resistance continues to be a major impediment in medical oncology. Clinically,
resistance can arise prior to or as a result of cancer therapy. In this review, we discuss …

Over 1.66 million humans (approx. 500/100 000 population rate) and over 4.2 million dogs
(approx. 5300/100 000 population rate) are diagnosed with cancer annually in the USA. The …