Recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV) is rapidly emerging as the preferred delivery
vehicle for gene therapies, with promising advantages in safety and efficacy. Key challenges …

Mammalian cell cultures are increasingly used for the production of complex
biopharmaceuticals including viral vectors and vaccines. HEK293 is the predominant cell …

HEK293 is a widely used cell line in the fields of research and industry. It is assumed that
these cells are sensitive to hydrodynamic stress. The aim of this research was to use particle …

One of the most important limitations of mammalian cell-based processes is the secretion
and accumulation of lactate as a by-product of their metabolism. Among the cell lines …

Exosomes, a subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs, 30–200‐nm diameter), serve as
biomolecular snapshots of their cell of origin and vehicles for intercellular communication …

Cell adhesion is the basis of individual cell survival, division and motility. Hence,
understanding the effects that the surface properties have on cell adhesion, proliferation and …

Large-scale vector manufacturing for phase III and beyond has proven to be challenging.
Upscaling the process with suspension cells is increasingly feasible, but many viral …

The emergence of cell gene therapy (CGT) as a safe and efficacious treatment for numerous
severe inherited and acquired human diseases has led to growing interest and investment …

Scaling bioprocesses remains a major challenge. Since it is physically impossible to
increase all process parameters equally, a suitable scale-up strategy must be selected for a …

At early stages of the exponential growth phase in HEK293 cell cultures, the tricarboxylic
acid cycle is unable to process all the amount of NADH generated in the glycolysis pathway …