Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects peripheral
organs as well as the central nervous system and involves a fundamental role of …

Late-life depression occurring in older adults is common, recurrent, and malignant. It is
characterized by affective symptoms, but also cognitive decline, medical comorbidity, and …

Life expectancy has been on the rise for the past few decades, but healthy life expectancy
has not kept pace, leading to a global burden of age-associated disorders. Advancing age is …

For decades, it has been widely believed that the blood–brain barrier (BBB) provides an
immune privileged environment in the central nervous system (CNS) by blocking peripheral …

Inflammaging is a term used to describe the tight relationship between low-grade chronic
inflammation and aging that occurs during physiological aging in the absence of evident …

With increasing age, structural changes occur in the eye and brain. Neuronal death,
inflammation, vascular disruption, and microglial activation are among many of the …

Stroke disrupts the homeostatic balance within the brain and is associated with a significant
accumulation of necrotic cellular debris, fluid, and peripheral immune cells in the central …

Background Peripheral nerve injuries are accompanied by inflammatory reactions, over-
activation of which may hinder recovery. Among pro-inflammatory pathways …

Progress made by the medical community in increasing lifespans comes with the costs of
increasing the incidence and prevalence of age-related diseases, neurodegenerative ones …

Age-related hearing loss, or presbyacusis, is a common degenerative disorder affecting
communication and quality of life for millions of older adults. Multiple pathophysiologic …