How to feed, house, clothe and power 11 billion of us without eliminating very many species
and wrecking Earth's climate is perhaps this century's greatest challenge. We must obviously …

While the impacts of high exploitation on fish populations and aquatic ecosystems are well-
documented for commercial fishing, particularly in the marine environment, the potential …

Global food demand is rising, and serious questions remain about whether supply can
increase sustainably. Land-based expansion is possible but may exacerbate climate …

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are an essential tool for reversing the global degradation of
ocean life. Hence, it is important to know which types of MPAs are more effective, and under …

Previous research has cast doubt on the potential for marine protected areas (MPAs) to
provide refuge and fishery spillover benefits for migratory species as most MPAs are small …

Marine protected areas (MPAs) have largely proven to be effective tools for conserving
marine ecosystem, while socio-economic benefits generated by MPAs to fisheries are still …

The UN's globally adopted Convention on Biological Diversity coverage target for marine
protected areas (MPAs) is≥ 10% by 2020. In 2014, the World Parks Congress …

A blind faith in the ability of MPAs to counteract loss of biodiversity is fraught with risk,
especially when MPAs are poorly planned and when the consequences of establishing …

Marine protected areas (MPAs) that exclude fishing have been shown repeatedly to
enhance the abundance, size, and diversity of species. These benefits, however, mean little …

Marine reserves, areas closed to all forms of fishing, continue to be advocated and
implemented to supplement fisheries and conserve populations [1–4]. However, although …