BACKGROUND Effects of recent global warming have been documented in every biome on
Earth. Safeguarding biodiversity and ecosystem services against future impacts requires …

INTRODUCTION Individual processes that shape geographical patterns of biodiversity are
increasingly understood, but their complex interactions on broad spatial and temporal scales …

How modern humans dispersed into Eurasia and Australasia, including the number of
separate expansions and their timings, is highly debated [1, 2]. Two categories of models …

Theory and evidence indicate that trees and other vegetation influence the atmospheric
water-cycle in various ways. These influences are more important, more complex, and more …

The peopling of the Americas marks a major expansion of humans across the planet.
However, questions regarding the timing and mechanisms of this dispersal remain, and the …

It has been difficult to access projections of global‐scale climate change with high temporal
resolution spaning the late Pleistocene and Holocene. This has limited our ability to discern …

How individual species and entire ecosystems will respond to future climate change are
among the most pressing questions facing ecologists. Past biodiversity dynamics recorded …

ABSTRACT Quaternary (last 2.6 million years) botany involves studying plant megafossils
(eg tree stumps), macrofossils (eg seeds, leaves), and microfossils (eg pollen, spores) …

Geological archives record multiple reversals of Earth's magnetic poles, but the global
impacts of these events, if any, remain unclear. Uncertain radiocarbon calibration has limited …