Ultrafiltration (UF) is one of the best options for both one-stage and as part of multi-stage
water and wastewater purification. This review summarises the known facts about the fouling …

In the last years, anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) technology is being considered
as a very appealing alternative for wastewater treatment due to the significant advantages …

Reverse osmosis membranes are becoming increasingly popular for water purification
applications that require high salt rejection such as brackish and seawater desalination …

Fouling and subsequent chemical cleaning of nanofiltration (NF) membranes used in water
quality control applications are often inevitable. To unravel the mechanisms of organic …

Nanofiltration membranes play an important role in the desalination of brackish and
seawater as well as membrane mediated waste water reclamation and other industrial …

The Handbook of Membrane Separations: Chemical, Pharmaceutical, and Biotechnological
Applications provides detailed information on membrane separation technologies as they …

Membrane separation processes have become a basic unit operation for process design
and product development. These processes are used in a variety of separation and …

A polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration (UF) membrane was modified by dispersing
nano-sized alumina (Al2O3) particles uniformly in a PVDF solution (19% polymer weight) …

Membrane fouling remains a notorious problem in microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF),
and a systematic understanding of the fouling mechanisms is fundamental for solving this …

Desalination by using reverse osmosis (RO) membranes has become very popular for
producing freshwater from brackish water and seawater. Membrane lifetime and permeate …