Extracellular matrixes (ECMs), such as the cell walls and biofilms, are important for
supporting cell integrity and function and regulating intercellular communication. These …

A dynamic field of study has emerged involving long-range electron transport by
extracellular filaments in anaerobic bacteria, with Geobacter sulfurreducens being used as a …

Extracellular electron transfer by Geobacter species through surface appendages known as
microbial nanowires is important in a range of globally important environmental phenomena …

Electrically conductive appendages from the anaerobic bacterium Geobacter sulfurreducens
were first observed two decades ago, with genetic and biochemical data suggesting that …

Acetylation of K40 in α-tubulin is the sole posttranslational modification to mark the luminal
surface of microtubules. It is still controversial whether its relationship with microtubule …

It is well known that the calcium ion is essential for maintaining life activities in living
organisms, and it is of great significance to detect the intracellular calcium concentration. For …

Technological advances in cryo-EM in recent years have given rise to detailed atomic
structures of bacteriophage tail tubes—a class of filamentous protein assemblies that could …

The type II secretion system (T2SS) is a multi‐protein complex used by many bacteria to
move substrates across their cell membrane. Substrates released into the environment …

Bacteria of the Xanthomonas genus are mainly phytopathogens of a large variety of crops of
economic importance worldwide. Xanthomonas spp. rely on an arsenal of protein effectors …

Type IV pili are versatile and highly flexible fibers formed on the surface of many Gram-
negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Virulence and infection rate of several pathogenic …