Since their development in the 1960s, seismic arrays have given a new impulse to
seismology. Recordings from many uniform seismometers in a well‐defined, closely spaced …

Fractional calculus has been used to model various hydrologic processes for 15 years. Yet,
there are still major gaps between real-world hydrologic dynamics and fractional-order …

Differential rotation of Earth's inner core relative to the mantle is thought to occur under the
effects of the geodynamo on core dynamics and gravitational core–mantle coupling. This …

Archean passive margins. In When Did Plate Tectonics Begin on Planet Earth?(eds KC
Condie & V. Pease.), pp. 149–56. Geological Society of America Special Paper no. 440 …

The fourth edition of Physics of the Earth maintains the original philosophy of this classic
graduate textbook on fundamental solid earth geophysics, while being completely revised …

Global seismographic networks (GSNs) emerged during the late nineteenth and early
twentieth centuries, facilitated by seminal international developments in theory, technology …

The solid inner core, suspended within the liquid outer core and anchored by gravity, has
been inferred to rotate relative to the surface of Earth or change over years to decades …

Magnetism is one of the most pervasive features of the Universe, with planets, stars and
entire galaxies all having associated magnetic fields. All of these fields are generated by the …

Cosmochemical, geochemical, and geophysical studies provide evidence that Earth's core
contains iron with substantial (5 to 15%) amounts of nickel. The iron-nickel alloy Fe0. 9Ni0. 1 …

Seismic observations provide strong evidence that Earth's inner core is anisotropic, with
larger velocity in the polar than in the equatorial direction. The top 60–80 km of the inner …