Increases in the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), frequently referred to
as oxidative stress, respresents a potentially toxic insult which if not counteracted will lead to …

It is only during the last decade that the functions of sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer
cells, hepatic stellate cells, pit cells and other intrahepatic lymphocytes have been better …

Enterohepatic recycling occurs by biliary excretion and intestinal reabsorption of a solute,
sometimes with hepatic conjugation and intestinal deconjugation. Cycling is often …

The formation of bile is a vital function, and its impairment by drugs or infectious,
autoimmune, metabolic, or genetic disorders results in the syndrome commonly known as …

Canalicular secretion of bile salts is a vital function of the vertebrate liver, yet the molecular
identity of the involved ATP-dependent carrier protein has not been elucidated. We cloned …

Glucuronidation is a well-recognized phase II metabolic pathway for a variety of chemicals
including drugs and endogenous substances. Although it is usually the secondary metabolic …

The multidrug resistance protein MRP1 functions as an ATP-dependent conjugate export
pump and confers multidrug resistance. We cloned MRP2 (symbol ABCC2), a MRP family …

The membrane proteins mediating the ATP-dependent transport of lipophilic substances
conjugated to glutathione, glucuronate, or sulfate have been identified as members of the …

ABCC2 is a member of the multidrug resistance protein subfamily localized exclusively to
the apical membrane domain of polarized cells, such as hepatocytes, renal proximal tubule …

Multixenobiotic resistance in aquatic organisms exposed to natural toxins or anthropogenic
contaminants is a phenomenon analogous to multidrug resistance in mammalian tumor cell …