Simple Summary Personality—ie, individual differences in behavior and emotion—is
increasingly being recognized as important in animal research. Whilst numerous studies …

Understanding if and how individuals and populations cope with environmental change is
an enduring question in evolutionary ecology that has renewed importance given the pace …

Animals express consistent individual differences in some behaviours, termed animal
personality, but behaviours can also vary considerably within individuals, within minutes or …

Highlights•We present a meta-analysis for novel object tests and discuss different
practices.•Novel object tests efficiently quantify individual differences in behaviour.• …

Pace‐of‐life syndromes (POLSs) are suites of life‐history, physiological and behavioural
traits that arise due to trade‐offs between allocation to current and future reproduction. Traits …

Behavioural variation at the individual level has been shown to play an important role in
animal ecology and evolution. Whereas most studies have focused on subadult or adult …

While grazing lands can offer a diverse range of forages, individuals within herds prefer to
graze some habitats and not others. They can have consistent differences in grazing …

Glucocorticoids (GCs) have a wide spectrum of effects on animal behavior. A recently
suggested effect involves determining the structure of individual differences, that is how the …

Inter‐individual differences are necessary for selection to act, while plasticity (intra‐
individual variation) may buffer against selection. Sleep is a critical self‐maintenance …

Differences between daytime and night-time behaviors are common in insects due to
potential trade-offs between predator avoidance and foraging. While diel effects on average …