The credibility of carbon offset mechanisms is threatened by many issues related to their true
effectiveness. We advocate that these issues cannot be effectively addressed without a …

Land-based mitigation technologies and practices (LMTs) are critical for achieving the Paris
Agreement's aim of avoiding dangerous climate change by limiting the rise in average …

Abstract Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) provide conditional incentives for forest
conservation. PES short-term effects on deforestation are well-documented, but we know …

Carbon offsets from the REDD+ (reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation)
framework to protect forests are expected to see a 100-fold increase in market value by …

As an important initiative of climate action, REDD+ has been increasingly discussed in
global policy arena. But delay in wider scale yet full-fledged implementation and its poor …

Cropland and pasture expansion continues to erase natural ecosystems at a staggering
speed globally, notably in the tropics. Conventional policy approaches, usually focused on a …

Net-zero targets have significantly increased carbon offset demand. Carbon offsets are
issued based on ex-ante estimates of project emissions reductions, though systematic …

Nature-based climate solutions supply carbon credits generated from net carbon drawdown
in exchange for project funding, but their credibility is challenged by the inherent variability …

CONTEXT Integrated farming systems provide high protein and energy yields per unit of
land and increase farm income, particularly for smallholder farmers in land-scarce areas …

Misiones rainforest is one of the most threatened subtropical forests worldwide.
Anthropogenic pressure by agriculture and forestry expansion continues transforming …