A key role of the gut microbiota in the establishment and maintenance of health, as well as in
the pathogenesis of disease, has been identified over the past two decades. One of the …

Metagenomics and marker gene approaches, coupled with high-throughput sequencing
technologies, have revolutionized the field of microbial ecology. Metagenomics is a culture …

In animal species, the brain–gut axis is a complex bidirectional network between the
gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system (CNS) consisting of numerous …

Recurrent hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a leading cause of readmission despite standard
of care (SOC) associated with microbial dysbiosis. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) …

The widespread use of antibiotics in the past 80 years has saved millions of human lives,
facilitated technological progress and killed incalculable numbers of microbes, both …

Emerging evidence indicates that disruption of the gut microbial community (dysbiosis)
impairs mental health. Germ-free mice and antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis are two …

Mass spectrometry-and nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomic studies comparing
diseased versus healthy individuals have shown that microbial metabolites are often the …

High proportions of autistic children suffer from gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, implying a link
between autism and abnormalities in gut microbial functions. Increasing evidence from …

It is hypothesized that the depletion of microbial members responsible for converting primary
bile acids into secondary bile acids reduces resistance to Clostridium difficile colonization …

Indigenous microbiota are an essential component in the modern concept of human health,
but the composition and functional characteristics of a healthy microbiome remain to be …