Abstract mRNA vaccines have evolved from being a mere curiosity to emerging as COVID-
19 vaccine front-runners. Recent advancements in the field of RNA technology, vaccinology …

Antigen cross-presentation is an adaptation of the cellular process of loading MHC-I
molecules with endogenous peptides during their biosynthesis within the endoplasmic …

Teleost fishes constitute the most species-rich vertebrate clade and exhibit extensive genetic
and phenotypic variation, including diverse immune defense strategies. The genomic basis …

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the hunt for a transporter molecule ostensibly responsible
for the translocation of peptides across the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane yielded …

Oncogene activation in tumor cells induces broad and complex cellular changes that
contribute significantly to disease initiation and progression. In melanoma, oncogenic …

Genetic modification of vaccines by linking the Ag to lysosomal or endosomal targeting
signals has been used to route Ags into MHC class II processing compartments for …

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells, orchestrating innate and
adaptive immunity during infections, autoimmune diseases, and malignancies. Since the …

Dendritic cells (DCs) can present extracellularly derived antigens in the context of major
histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, a process called cross-presentation …

Cross-presentation is the process whereby bone-marrow-derived antigen-presenting cells
acquire, process and present exogenous antigen as peptides bound to MHC class I …

We encounter pathogens on a daily basis and our immune system has evolved to mount an
immune response following an infection. An interesting phenomenon that has evolved in …