In 1985, Victor Scheinman developed the Programmable Universal Machine for Assembly
200, the first robot used in human surgery, to biopsy brain lesions. 1 In 2004, Mazor …

Image-based 2D/3D registration is a critical technique for fluoroscopic guided surgical
interventions. Conventional intensity-based 2D/3D registration approa-ches suffer from a …

Minimally invasive pedicle screw placement (MIPSP) is a widely used treatment for spine
diseases. When coupled with intraoperative navigation modalities, robots may help improve …

Purpose Spinal instrumentation with pedicle screw placement (PSP) is an important surgical
technique for spinal diseases. Accurate screw trajectory is a prerequisite for PSP …

A robust and efficient two-dimensional/three-dimensional (2D/3D) registration algorithm is
critical to image-guided interventions, as it allows for intuitive, reproducible, and high …

Robotic-assisted lumbar puncture (LP) has been explored in recent years. The most
important step in this procedure is accurately and safely puncturing the spinal membrane …

The robotic surgery environment represents a typical scenario of human–robot cooperation.
In such a scenario, individuals, robots, and medical devices move relative to each other …

Background 2D/3D medical image registration is one of the key technologies for surgical
navigation systems to perform pose estimation and achieve accurate positioning, which still …

Robot-assisted orthopaedic joint reduction offers enhanced precision and control across
multiple axes of motion, enabling precise realignment according to predefined plans …

The 2D projective nature of X-ray radiography presents significant limitations in fluoroscopy-
guided interventions, particularly the loss of depth perception and prolonged radiation …