Several recent studies have shown that citric acid/citrate (CA) can confer abiotic stress
tolerance to plants. Exogenous CA application leads to improved growth and yield in crop …

Arsenic (As) is a highly toxic contaminant in the environment. Although both inorganic and
organic types of arsenic exist in the environment, the most common inorganic forms of As …

Natural and human activities introduced an excess level of toxic lead (Pb) to the
environment. Pb has no known biological significance and its interactions with plants lead to …

The non-essential metalloid arsenic (As) is widely distributed in soil and underground water
of many countries. Arsenic contamination is a concern because it creates threat to food …

Excessive heavy metal contaminants in soils have serious ecological and environmental
impacts, and affect plant growth and crop yields. Phytoremediation is an environmentally …

Several metals belong to a group of non-biodegradable inorganic constituents that, at low
concentrations, play fundamental roles as essential micronutrients for the growth and …

Lead (Pb) is an extremely toxic metal for all living forms including plants. It enters plants
through roots from soil or soil solution. It is considered as one of the most eminent examples …

Main conclusion Lead disrupts plant metabolic homeostasis and key structural elements.
Utilizing modern biotechnology tools, it's feasible to develop Pb-tolerant varieties by …

Arsenic (As) contaminates the food chain and decreases agricultural production through
impairing plants, particularly due to oxidative stress. To better understand the As tolerance …

Lead (Pb) is one of the most toxic elements on earth. The main origins of Pb pollution are
automobiles, paint and electroplating industries. Pb-induced stress has very toxic effects on …