Biofilms are structures comprising microorganisms associated to surfaces and enclosed by
an extracellular polymeric matrix produced by the colonizer cells. These structures protect …

Nowadays, biofouling is responsible for enormous economic losses in the maritime sector,
and its treatment with conventional antifouling paints is causing significant problems to the …

Antifouling coatings are used to protect boat hulls from fouling organisms. The paints are
designed to release biocides and by this prevent fouling organisms to attach. Until now the …

The settlement and growth of fouling organisms on man-made surfaces can be prevented by
the application of antifouling paints containing active compounds (biocides, heavy metals) …

Copper-containing antifouling paints (AFP) are widely used for leisure boat maintenance.
Cu emitted from AFP into German surface water bodies has been suggested to be a …

Maritime transport is the most energy-efficient and environmentally friendly transportation
sector. Nevertheless, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) aims at further reduction …