Effective pain management is a desirable standard of care for preterm and term newborns
and may potentially improve their clinical and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Neonatal pain …

Objective To develop evidence-based guidelines for preventing or treating neonatal pain
and its adverse consequences. Compared with older children and adults, neonates are …

Objective: Inadequate assessment of pain in premature infants is a persistent clinical
problem. The objective of this research was to develop and validate a measure for …

Objective: To establish beginning evidence of clinical validity and reliability of the Neonatal
Pain, Agitation and Sedation Scale (N-PASS) in neonates with prolonged pain …

The aim of this study was to test the reliability and validity of the COMFORT scale as a
postoperative pain instrument for children aged 0–3 years. Subjects were 158 neonates and …

ContextProposed federal legislation would require physicians to inform women seeking
abortions at 20 or more weeks after fertilization that the fetus feels pain and to offer …

Assessment of infant pain is a pressing concern, especially within the context of neonatal
intensive care where infants may be exposed to prolonged and repeated pain during …

Objective Patients frequently display behaviors during procedures that may be pain related.
Clinicians often rely on the patient's demonstration of behaviors as a cue to presence of …

Medical, neurodevelopmental, and parenting effects of individualized developmental care
were investigated in a three-center, randomized, controlled trial. A total of 92 preterm infants …

Pain is a private experience with complex qualities that must be measured if people in
distress are to be helped. Sensations, feelings, and thoughts may be salient for the sufferer …