Traumatic, tumoral, and infectious bone defects are common in clinics, and create a big
burden on patient's families and society. Calcium phosphate (CaP)-based biomaterials have …

Background Bone regeneration involves various complex biological processes. Many
experiments have been performed using biomaterials in vivo and in vitro to promote and …

Highlights•Alternative bone regenerative therapeutics are needed.•Ions have been
proposed to regenerate skeletal tissue.•Drug delivery systems have been studied to deliver …

Embryogenic developmental processes involve a tightly controlled regulation between
mechanical forces and biochemical cues such as growth factors, matrix proteins, and …

While bone tissue is known for its inherent regenerative abilities, various pathological
conditions and trauma can disrupt its meticulously regulated processes of bone formation …

Depression is a common mental illness, which is related to monoamine neurotransmitters
and the dysfunction of the cholinergic, immune, glutamatergic, and neuroendocrine systems …

PD1 blockade therapy, harnessing the cytotoxic potential of CD8+ T cells, has yielded
clinical success in treating malignancies. However, its efficacy is often limited due to the …

Biophysical signals act as potent regulators of stem cell function, lineage commitment, and
epigenetic status. In recent years, synthetic biomaterials have been used to study a wide …

Large injuries to bones are still one of the most challenging musculoskeletal problems.
Tissue engineering can combine stem cells, scaffold biomaterials, and biofactors to aid in …

The role of metal ions in the body and particularly in the formation, regulation and
maintenance of bone is only just starting to be unravelled. The role of some ions, such as …