Soil is an immense habitat for diverse organisms across the tree of life, but just how many
organisms live in soil is surprisingly unknown. Previous efforts to enumerate soil biodiversity …

There have been five Mass Extinction events in the history of Earth's biodiversity, all caused
by dramatic but natural phenomena. It has been claimed that the Sixth Mass Extinction may …

Learning from the quantum and information theories, we provide a new definition of value,
which is expected to help economists relax assumptions and loosen established economic …

Since the discovery of immunoglobulin E (IgE) as a mediator of allergic diseases in 1967,
our knowledge about the immunological mechanisms of IgE‐mediated allergies has …

Biodiversity, a term now widely employed in science, policy, and wider society, has a
burgeoning associated literature. We synthesize aspects of this literature, focusing on …

Microbial life represents the majority of Earth's biodiversity. Across disparate disciplines from
medicine to forestry, scientists continue to discover how the microbiome drives essential …

Fungi comprise approximately 20% of all eukaryotic species and are connected to virtually
all life forms on Earth. Yet, their diversity remains contentious, their distribution elusive, and …

We report three major and confronting environmental issues that have received little
attention and require urgent action. First, we review the evidence that future environmental …

Biological invasions have steadily increased over recent centuries. However, we still lack a
clear expectation about future trends in alien species numbers. In particular, we do not know …

We are part of Nature, not separate from it. We rely on Nature to provide us with food, water
and shelter; regulate our climate and disease; maintain nutrient cycles and oxygen …