Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an umbrella term for the chronic immune-mediated
idiopathic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, manifesting as Crohn's disease (CD) or …

T lymphocytes, the major effector cells in cellular immunity, produce cytokines in immune
responses to mediate inflammation and regulate other types of immune cells. Work in the …

T cell activation requires extracellular stimulatory signals that are mainly mediated by T cell
receptor (TCR) complexes. The TCR recognizes antigens on major histocompatibility …

The discovery of CD4+ T cell subset–defining master transcription factors and framing of the
Th1/Th2 paradigm ignited the CD4+ T cell field. Advances in in vivo experimental systems …

Allergic asthma is among the most common immune-mediated diseases across the world,
and type 2 immune responses are thought to be central to pathogenesis. The importance of …

Forkhead box protein 3-expressing (FOXP3+) regulatory T cells (Treg cells) suppress
conventional T cells and are essential for immunological tolerance. FOXP3, the master …

When helper T (TH) cell polarization was initially described three decades ago, the TH cell
universe grew dramatically. New subsets were described based on their expression of few …

CD4+ T helper cells are key regulators of host health and disease. In the original model,
specialized subsets of T helper cells are generated following activation through lineage …

Iron is an essential micronutrient for virtually all living cells. In infectious diseases, both
invading pathogens and mammalian cells including those of the immune system require iron …

These guidelines are a consensus work of a considerable number of members of the
immunology and flow cytometry community. They provide the theory and key practical …