Besides its role as an energy storage organ, adipose tissue can be viewed as a dynamic
and complex endocrine organ, which produces and secretes several adipokines, including …

Iron is critical for the appearance and maintenance of life on Earth. Almost all organisms
compete or cooperate for iron acquisition, demonstrating the importance of this essential …

Tissue-resident immune cells are important for organ homeostasis and defense. The
epithelium may contribute to these functions directly or by cross-talk with immune cells. We …

The tumor microenvironment plays a critical regulatory role in cancer progression, especially
in central nervous system metastases. Cancer cells within the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) …

Smoking has a profound impact on tumor immunity, and nicotine, which is the major
addictive component of smoke, is known to promote tumor progression despite being a non …

The breakthrough discoveries of leptin and adiponectin more than two decades ago led to a
widespread recognition of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Many more adipose tissue …

Various biomarkers of acute kidney injury (AKI) have been discovered and characterized in
the recent past. These molecules can be detected in urine or blood and signify structural …

The cytokines of the interleukin 17 (IL-17) family play a central role in the control of
infections, especially extracellular fungi. Conversely, if unrestrained, these inflammatory …

In its early stages, symptoms of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are usually not apparent.
Significant reduction of the kidney function is the first obvious sign of disease. If diagnosed …

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease globally. The
primary initiating mechanism in DN is hyperglycemia-induced vascular dysfunction, but its …