The Second Edition of Correctional Theory: Context and Consequences continues to identify
and evaluate the major competing theories used to guide the goals, policies, and practices …

In response to prison overcrowding concerns in recent years, many US officials have
undertaken efforts to reduce sentence lengths for certain crimes. However, it is unclear how …

In 2014, adult correctional systems supervised an estimated 6.8 million individuals in the
United States with 1 in 36 adults (or 2.8%) being under some form of correctional …

The reliable identification of those offenders at greatest risk of post-release recidivism is
critically important given the emotional and financial costs associated with offending …

Recidivism rates after release from prison are high worldwide. While research has not
shown much promise in the ability of incarceration to reduce the risk of reoffending, little …

A justification for lengthier stays in prison stems from from belief that spending more time in
prison reduces recidivism. Extant studies, however, have provided limited evidence for that …

This chapter reviews the empirical evidence on deterrence. It is divided into three sections:
that pertaining to perceptual studies of deterrence, deterrence and the police, and …

One of the goals of imprisonment is to reduce violence. Although imprisonment has risen
dramatically since the 1970s, its effects on future violent crime are poorly understood. This …

Mass incarceration has led to increased interest in understanding the effects of
imprisonment. Reviews of criminological theory and research report mixed evidence that …

Objectives For more than one hundred years, street lighting has been one of the most
ubiquitous capital investments in public safety. Prior research on street lighting is largely …