Abstract Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach is a versatile technique being
applied to multiple areas of knowledge. CFD approach has contributed to comprehensively …

Purpose Sensors are the primary component of a monitoring and control system. Effective
monitoring and control of the microclimatic environment in a greenhouse is the key necessity …

In this study, a physics-informed neural network (PINN)-based surrogate model was
proposed for a virtual thermal sensor (VTS) with real-time simulation. This surrogate model …

Emission-free closed-field crop cultivation at a commercial scale necessitates microclimate
evaluation for embracing the production uncertainties and maximizing the returns. This …

In this study, in-situ sensor virtualization is proposed to overcome physical sensing
limitations, including sensor errors and management costs in long-term building operations …

Nowadays, applied computer-oriented and information digitalization technologies are
develo** very dynamically and are widely used in various industries. One of the highest …

The increasing global population and the challenges faced by the food production sector,
including urbanization, reduction of arable land, and climatic extremes, necessitate …

Temperature sensing is one of the most common measurements of a nuclear reactor
monitoring system. The coolant fluid flow in a reactor core depends on the reactor power …

Horticultural protected cultivation has spread throughout the world as it has proven to be
extremely effective. In recent years, the greenhouse engineering research field has become …

The atomized nutrient solution droplet sizes and spraying intervals can impact the chemical
properties of the nutrient solution, biomass yield, root-to-shoot ratio and nutrient uptake of …