Sex differences in stress responses can be found at all stages of life and are related to both
the organizational and activational effects of gonadal hormones and to genes on the sex …

The study of sexual dimorphism in psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders is
challenging due to the complex interplay of diverse biological, psychological, and social …

Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most frequent chromosome disorder in males (1: 650
newborn males), defined by 47, XXY karyotype. The classical phenotype is that of a tall male …

The inclusion of sex as a biological variable in research is absolutely essential for improving
our understanding of disease mechanisms contributing to risk and resilience. Studies …

Neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders affect men and women differently. Multiple
sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, anxiety disorders, depression, meningiomas and late-onset …

Aneuploidy syndromes impact multiple organ systems but understanding of tissue-specific
aneuploidy effects remains limited—especially for the comparison between peripheral …

Sex chromosome aneuploidies comprise a relatively common group of chromosome
disorders characterized by the loss or gain of one or more sex chromosomes. We discuss …

Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with
complex heritability and higher prevalence in males. The neonatal epigenome has the …

Background Turner syndrome is the result of the partial or complete absence of an X
chromosome in phenotypic girls. This can cause an array of medical and developmental …

Pathogenic copy number variants (CNVs) and aneuploidies alter gene dosage and are
associated with neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders such as autism spectrum disorder …