Aqueous surfaces and interfaces are important in many physical, chemical, and biological
processes in our world. The adsorption, dissolution, and reaction of atmospheric gases at …

This paper reviews aspects of nonlinear optical spectroscopy of interfaces. The emphasis is
put on second-order nonlinear optical techniques, such as sum-frequency generation (SFG) …

Sum-frequency spectroscopy (SFS) is a non-linear optical technique that yields vibrational
spectra of molecules at interfaces. A brief summary of the theoretical background to SFS is …

Liquid interfaces play a fundamental role in science and technology. The development of
surface-sensitive probes capable of yielding molecular information about these interfaces is …

Optical second harmonic generation (SHG) is the nonlinear conversion of two photons of
frequency «to a single photonof frequency 2co which, in the electric dipole approximation …

Optical properties are among the most fascinating and useful properties of nanomaterials
and have been extensively studied using a variety of optical spectroscopic techniques. A …

During the past decade vibrational sum frequency generation as a method to study
interfaces has matured and can now be applied more routinely to systems of increasing …

The strong electromagnetic field enhancement, occurring at illuminated metal structures with
sub‐wavelength dimensions, is exploited to develop Raman spectroscopy with exceedingly …

Pt, Pd, and Rh films of a few nanometers in thickness supported on glassy carbon (GC) and
other substrates were prepared by electrochemical voltammetry. STM patterns illustrated …

By using confocal microprobe Raman spectroscopy and a unique electrochemical
pretreatment procedure for the Pt surface, we are able to extend the detailed surface Raman …