In foraging animals, visual scanning of the surrounding environment is referred to as
vigilance and is commonly assumed to be aimed at potential predation threats (Roberts …

Cognition and communication both can be essential for effectively navigating the social
environment and thus, social dynamics could select for enhanced abilities for …

Many birds and mammals respond to a heightened risk of predation, especially that
associated with smaller group sizes, with an increase in vigilance. All interpretations of the …

Despite burgeoning interest in consistent individual differences in behaviour (animal
'personality'), the influence of social interactions on the performance of different behavioural …

Vigilance has been predicted to decrease with group size due to increased predator
detection and dilution of predation risk in larger groups. Although earlier literature reviews …

Group living commonly helps organisms face challenging environmental conditions.
Although a known phenomenon in humans, recent findings suggest that a benefit of group …

Vigilance in ungulates is considered to have a predominantly antipredator function, with the
frequency and duration of scans per individual decreasing with increasing group size. Social …

When encountering an approaching predator, prey often must decide on an optimal distance
for escape, measured as flight initiation distance (FID). As a fundamental behavioural …

In many species, individuals benefit from social associations, but they must balance these
benefits with the costs of competition for resources. Understanding how these competing …

Vigilance is time-consuming and, since time is usually a limited resource for free-ranging
animals, it may conflict with other activities such as feeding. For several taxonomic groups …