Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated as by-products of normal cellular metabolic
activities. Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase are the enzymes …

The ability of pathogenic bacteria to affect higher organisms and cause disease is one of the
most dramatic properties of microorganisms. Some pathogens can establish transient …

For intracellular pathogens such as Salmonellae, Mycobacteriae and Brucellae, infection
requires adaptation to the intracellular environment of the phagocytic cell. The transition …

Summary miR‐155 is involved in non‐coding microRNAs found in humans, mice and
chickens of which the sequence is conserved. Historically, miR‐155 was identified as a B …

The lower gastrointestinal tract is densely populated with resident microbial communities
(microbiota), which do not elicit overt host responses but rather provide benefit to the host …

Plumbagin is a naturally occurring naphthoquinone isolated from roots of Plumbago
scandens. The plant was collected at the Campus of Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de …

Nontyphoidal strains of Salmonella (NTS) are a common cause of bacteremia among
African children. Cell-mediated immune responses control intracellular infection, but they do …

Background Systemic infection leads to generation of inflammatory mediators that result in
metabolic and behavioural changes. Repeated or chronic systemic inflammation leads to a …

Host-adapted strains of Salmonella enterica cause systemic infections and have the ability
to persist systemically for long periods of time and pose significant public-health problems …

Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a Gram-
negative bacterium with a broad host range that causes non-typhoidal salmonellosis in …