The cytokine IL-10 is a key anti-inflammatory mediator ensuring protection of a host from
over-exuberant responses to pathogens and microbiota, while playing important roles in …

Cytokines are among the most important effector and messenger molecules in the immune
system. They profoundly participate in immune responses during infection and inflammation …

T-cells are crucial in maintanence of intestinal homeostasis, however, it is still unclear how
microbiota metabolites regulate T-effector cells. Here we show gut microbiota-derived short …

Abstract Kinases of the Jak ('Janus kinase') family and transcription factors (TFs) of the STAT
('signal transducer and activator of transcription') family constitute a rapid membrane-to …

Thirty years ago, one of the first types of CD4+ T regulatory cells was discovered and named
T regulatory type 1 (Tr1) cells. Tr1 cells represent a distinct population of T cells, which are …

The third edition of Flow Cytometry Guidelines provides the key aspects to consider when
performing flow cytometry experiments and includes comprehensive sections describing …

CD4+ T cells differentiate and acquire distinct functions to combat specific pathogens but
can also adapt their functions in response to changing circumstances. Although this …

Abstract Interleukin (IL)-10 is an essential anti-inflammatory cytokine and functions as a
negative regulator of immune responses to microbial antigens. IL-10 is particularly important …

Background How the gut microbiota regulates intestinal homeostasis is not completely clear.
Gut microbiota metabolite short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been reported to regulate T …

T cells are required for immune surveillance of the central nervous system (CNS); however,
they can also induce severe immunopathology in the context of both viral infections and …