The defining characteristics of ENSO extremes and the strong 2015/2016 El Niño

A Santoso, MJ Mcphaden, W Cai - Reviews of Geophysics, 2017‏ - Wiley Online Library
The year 2015 was special for climate scientists, particularly for the El Niño Southern
Oscillation (ENSO) research community, as a major El Niño finally materialized after a long …

ENSO atmospheric teleconnections and their response to greenhouse gas forcing

SW Yeh, W Cai, SK Min, MJ McPhaden… - Reviews of …, 2018‏ - Wiley Online Library
El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most prominent year‐to‐year climate
fluctuation on Earth, alternating between anomalously warm (El Niño) and cold (La Niña) …

Human influence on the climate system (Chapter 3)

V Eyring, NP Gillett, KM Achuta Rao, R Barimalala… - 2021‏ - pure.iiasa.ac.at
The AR5 concluded that human influence on the climate system is clear, evident from
increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, positive radiative forcing …

Increased variability of eastern Pacific El Niño under greenhouse warming

W Cai, G Wang, B Dewitte, L Wu, A Santoso… - Nature, 2018‏ - nature.com
Abstract The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant and most consequential
climate variation on Earth, and is characterized by warming of equatorial Pacific sea surface …

Higher frequency of Central Pacific El Niño events in recent decades relative to past centuries

MB Freund, BJ Henley, DJ Karoly, HV McGregor… - Nature …, 2019‏ - nature.com
El Niño events differ substantially in their spatial pattern and intensity. Canonical Eastern
Pacific El Niño events have sea surface temperature anomalies that are strongest in the far …

Evaluation of climate models

G Flato, J Marotzke, B Abiodun, P Braconnot… - Climate change 2013 …, 2014‏ - pure.mpg.de
Climate models have continued to be developed and improved since the AR4, and many
models have been extended into Earth System models by including the representation of …

Understanding ENSO diversity

A Capotondi, AT Wittenberg… - Bulletin of the …, 2015‏ - journals.ametsoc.org
Abstract El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a naturally occurring mode of tropical
Pacific variability, with global impacts on society and natural ecosystems. While it has long …

ENSO atmospheric teleconnections

AS Taschetto, CC Ummenhofer… - El Niño southern …, 2020‏ - Wiley Online Library
Summary The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) causes climatic fluctuations in the tropics
and extratropics via atmospheric teleconnections. The anomalous Pacific sea surface …

El Niño–Southern Oscillation and its impact in the changing climate

S Yang, Z Li, JY Yu, X Hu, W Dong… - National Science …, 2018‏ - academic.oup.com
Extensive research has improved our understanding and forecast of the occurrence,
evolution and global impacts of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). However, ENSO …

Evaluation of CMIP5 20th century climate simulations for the Pacific Northwest USA

DE Rupp, JT Abatzoglou… - Journal of …, 2013‏ - Wiley Online Library
Monthly temperature and precipitation data from 41 global climate models (GCMs) of the
Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) were compared to observations …