▪ Abstract Trk receptors are a family of three receptor tyrosine kinases, each of which can be
activated by one or more of four neurotrophins—nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived …

Members of the nerve growth factor (NGF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor
(GDNF) families—comprising neurotrophins and GDNF-family ligands (GFLs), respectively …

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) self-renew and produce large numbers of committed
progenitors that are destined to differentiate into spermatozoa throughout life. However, the …

Normal cells are hijacked by cancer cells forming together heterogeneous tumor masses
immersed in aberrant communication circuits that facilitate tumor growth and dissemination …

Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia are abundant cell types found in the central
nervous system and have been shown to play crucial roles in regulating both normal and …

Peripheral nerves injuries result in paralysis, anesthesia and lack of autonomic control of the
affected body areas. After injury, axons distal to the lesion are disconnected from the …

Intercellular communication involves either direct cell-cell contact or release and uptake of
diffusible signals, two strategies mediated by distinct and largely nonoverlap** sets of …

The local extension of cancer cells along nerves is a frequent clinical finding for various
tumours. Traditionally, nerve invasion was assumed to occur via the path of least resistance; …

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) are the most primitive spermatogonia in the testis and
have an essential role to maintain highly productive spermatogenesis by self-renewal and …

The variety of diseases caused by mutations in RET receptor tyrosine kinase provides a
classic example of phenotypic heterogeneity. Gain-of-function mutations of RET are …