Highlights•Buzz-pollinators remove pollen from poricidal anthers using vibrations.•Bees are
the principal buzz-pollinating agents.•Poricidal anthers likely evolved to limit pollen loss and …

Approximately 6% of flowering plant species possess flowers with anthers that open through
small pores or slits. Extracting pollen from this type of specialised flower is achieved most …

Nectar and/or pollen are the only floral rewards traditionally investigated. Such myopia has
impeded full understanding of flower-visiting organisms. Flowers in fact offer a great diversity …

Pollen grains of 990 species were examined and measured to test four predictions:(1)“
Primitive” angiosperms will have starch‐containing pollen; more advanced families will have …

In a review of 216 recent papers, foraging specialization and competition among bees for
floral resources are discussed. Aspects of mating behaviour considered include …

Fundamental plant traits such as support, anchorage, and protection against environmental
stress depend substantially on biomechanical design. The costs, subsequent trade‐offs, and …

Bees, like their wasp relatives, forage for and transport food to a nest as provisions for their
offspring. Unlike female Sphecoidea which transport arthropods one at a time as prey, bees …

Can bees accurately gauge accumulating bodily pollen as they harvest pollen from flowers?
Several recent reports conclude that bees fail to assess pollen harvest rates when foraging …

Original observations and published accounts are summarized regarding the use of
vibratory pollen harvesting (buzz pollination) by bees from non-poricidally dehiscent …

Buzz pollination encompasses the evolutionary convergence of specialized floral
morphologies and pollinator behaviour in which bees use vibrations (floral buzzes) to …