Climatic changes and global warming produce abiotic stressors that affect plant
development and productivity. Abiotic stressors, such as drought, salt, cold, and heat …

The drug development process is poised for significant transformation due to the rapid
advancement of modern biological and information technologies, such as artificial …

Rice false smut, which is caused by the soil-borne fungal pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens (U.
virens), is one of the most threatening diseases in most of the rice-growing countries …

Plant diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria and fungi are major threats to both wild plants
and crops. To counteract these threats, plants have evolved various defense mechanisms …

Colletotrichum spp. is a phytopathogen causing anthracnose in a variety of tropical fruits.
Strategies used to control postharvest diseases in tropical fruits typically rely on the use of …

Introduction The application of mineral fertilizers deteriorates soil properties and affects crop
yield and nutritional properties. However, plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM …

Background Early leaf spot disease, caused by Cercospora arachidicola, is a devastating
peanut disease that has severely impacted peanut production and quality. Chemical …

The gene family of thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) plays a crucial role in the adaptation of
organisms to environmental stresses. In recent years, fungal secreted proteins (SP) with …

Control of the pinewood nematode (PWN), the causal agent of pine wilt disease, can be
achieved through the trunk injection of nematicides; however, many pesticides have been …

Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs), including root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), cyst
nematodes (Heterodera and Globodera spp.), and other economically significant nematode …