Many plants interact with carnivores as an indirect defence against herbivores. The release
of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and the secretion of extrafloral nectar (EFN) are …

Plants often release a blend of volatile organic compounds in response to damage by
herbivorous insects that may serve as cues to locate those herbivores by natural enemies …

Plants secrete extrafloral nectar (EFN) as an induced defense against herbivores. EFN
contains not only carbohydrates and amino acids but also pathogenesis-related proteins …

Plants commonly attract predatory and parasitoid organisms, and may thereby increase
resistance against antagonistic herbivores. Mechanisms for indirect resistance include the …

The optimal defence theory (ODT) of chemical defence provides a predictive framework for
the distribution of anti‐herbivore defences in plants. One of its predictions is that chemical …

Background The optimal defence hypothesis (ODH) predicts that tissues that contribute most
to a plant's fitness and have the highest probability of being attacked will be the parts best …

Plants mediate multiple interactions between below‐ground (BG) and above‐ground (AG)
heterotrophic communities that have no direct physical contact. These interactions can be …

Ecology Letters (2011) 14: 55–64 Abstract The most valuable organs of plants are often
particularly rich in essential elements, but also very well defended. This creates a dilemma …

Plants allocate defences in order to decrease costs and maximize benefits against
herbivores. The Optimal Defense Theory (ODT) predicts that continuously expressed (ie …

In nature, plants interact with many organisms and need to integrate their responses to these
diverse community members. Knowledge on plant–insect relationships has accumulated …