In this review, we consider the definitions and experimental approaches to emotional
contagion and prosocial behaviour in mammals and explore their evolutionary …

Humans interact with fishes in many contexts including aquaculture, scientific study and
companion animals. In all of these contexts, fish welfare can be compromised through …

How consciousness appeared much earlier in evolutionary history than is commonly
assumed, and why all vertebrates and perhaps even some invertebrates are conscious …

Abstract 450 million years of evolution have given chondrichthyans (sharks, rays and allies)
ample time to adapt perfectly to their respective everyday life challenges and cognitive …

The brain reward circuitry plays a key role in emotional and motivational behaviors, and its
dysfunction underlies neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, depression and …

Phenomenal consciousness or the subjective experience of feeling sensory stimuli is
fundamental to human existence. Because of the ubiquity of their subjective experiences …

Traditional animal welfare paradigms have focused on maintaining physical health and
mitigating negative impacts to wellbeing. Recently, however, the field has increasingly …

While most animals have received increasing attention for their welfare, consideration for
fish welfare has started more recently, particularly since the recognition that fish have …

Zebrafish are now one of the most used animal model species in scientific research
worldwide. Our current knowledge of wild zebrafish is limited to an estimated range of their …

Research on the behavior of animals in zoos has been conducted for decades and
observations have provided information that has improved the psychological and social well …