Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric disease of still poorly understood
molecular etiology. Extensive studies at different molecular levels point to a high complexity …

Background The human gut hosts complex microbial communities, which are linked to
health and disease. The gut microbiota is continuously reshaped by multiple environmental …

Preclinical evidence has firmly established bidirectional interactions among the brain, the
gut, and the gut microbiome. Candidate signaling molecules and at least three …

Depression is a common and serious disorder, characterized by symptoms like anhedonia,
lack of energy, sad mood, low appetite, and sleep disturbances. This disease is very …

In a striking display of trans-kingdom symbiosis, gut bacteria cooperate with their animal
hosts to regulate the development and function of the immune, metabolic and nervous …

The gut-brain axis plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis. Many intrinsic and
extrinsic factors influence signaling along this axis, modulating the function of both the …

Objectives: To provide advice and guidance regarding the management of mood disorders,
derived from scientific evidence and supplemented by expert clinical consensus to formulate …

There is emerging evidence that diet has a major modulatory influence on brain-gut-
microbiome (BGM) interactions with important implications for brain health, and for several …

I. INTRODUCTION 1877 II. STUDYING THE... 1881 III. MICROBIOTA-GUT-BRAIN AXIS...
1907 IV. PATHWAYS OF COMMUNICATION 1911 V. MICROBIOTA AND SYNAPTIC... 1929 …

Chronic stress constitutes a major risk factor for depression that can disrupt various aspects
of homeostasis, including the gut microbiome (GM). We have recently shown that GM …