Actin plays roles in many important cellular processes, including cell motility, organelle
movement, and cell signaling. The discovery of transmembrane actin-binding proteins at the …

Cells are equipped with asymmetrically localised and functionally specialised components,
including cytoskeletal structures and organelles. Positioning these components to specific …

Living systems are complex dynamic entities that operate far from thermodynamic
equilibrium. Their active, non-equilibrium behaviour requires energy to drive cellular …

The healthy growth and maintenance of a biological system depends on the precise spatial
organization of molecules within the cell through the dissipation of energy. Reaction …

Cells are filled with macromolecules and polymer networks that set scale-dependent viscous
and elastic properties to the cytoplasm. Although the role of these parameters in molecular …

During preimplantation development, contractile forces generated at the apical cortex
segregate cells into inner and outer positions of the embryo, establishing the inner cell mass …

A new life begins with the unification of the maternal and paternal chromosomes upon
fertilization. The parental chromosomes first become enclosed in two separate pronuclei …

Cells are the smallest building blocks of all living eukaryotic organisms, usually ranging from
a couple of micrometers (for example, platelets) to hundreds of micrometers (for example …

Cytoplasm is a gel-like crowded environment composed of various macromolecules,
organelles, cytoskeletal networks, and cytosol. The structure of the cytoplasm is highly …

Cells remodel their cytoplasm with force-generating cytoskeletal motors. Their activity
generates random forces that stir the cytoplasm, agitating and displacing membrane-bound …