Water fleas of the genus Daphnia have been a model system for hundreds of years and is
among the best studied ecological model organisms to date. Daphnia are planktonic …

Organisms evolve in response to their natural environment. Consideration of natural
ecological parameters are thus of key importance for our understanding of an organism's …

Global climate change (GCC) increasingly threatens biodiversity through the loss of species,
and the transformation of entire ecosystems. Many species are challenged by the pace of …

In recent years, scientists have realized that evolution can occur on timescales much shorter
than the" long lapse of ages" emphasized by Darwin—in fact, evolutionary change is …

Many studies have recorded phenotypic changes in natural populations and attributed them
to climate change. However, controversy and uncertainty has arisen around three levels of …

Mutualisms, interactions between two species that benefit both of them, have long captured
the public imagination. Their influence transcends levels of biological organization from cells …

Parallel evolution across replicate populations has provided evolutionary biologists with
iconic examples of adaptation. When multiple populations colonize seemingly similar …

Across the tree of life, populations have evolved the capacity to contend with suboptimal
conditions by engaging in dormancy, whereby individuals enter a reversible state of reduced …

Experimental evolution is the study of evolutionary processes occurring in experimental
populations in response to conditions imposed by the experimenter. This research approach …

Balancing selection is an evolutionary process that maintains genetic polymorphisms at
selected loci and strongly reduces the likelihood of allele fixation. When allelic …