This review examines the dichotomy between automatic and autonomous behaviors in
surgical robots, maps the possible levels of autonomy of these robots, and describes the …

Robotic-assisted surgery is now well established in clinical practice and has become the
gold-standard clinical treatment option for several clinical indications. The field of robotic …

Robot-assisted medical imaging entails the use of a robot to acquire a medical image.
Examples include robot-assisted endoscopic camera imaging, ultrasound imaging where …

Background Manual control of the camera arm in telerobotic surgical systems requires the
surgeon to repeatedly interrupt the flow of the surgery. During surgery, there are instances …

This paper presents a novel multimodal training platform integrated with hand-over-hand
(HOH) haptic guidance for dual-console surgical robotic systems such as the da Vinci Si …

Automating camera movement during robot-assisted surgery has the potential to reduce
burden on surgeons and remove the need to manually move the camera. An important sub …

The current practice of intraoperative ultrasound requires an assistant because the
surgeon's hands are occupied with surgical tools or console instruments. This process can …

Traditional robotic surgical systems rely entirely on robotic arms to triangulate articulated
instruments inside the human anatomy. This configuration can be ill-suited for working in …

Detecting the micromovements of eyes that reflect a person's inner state can be an essential
step in many applications, but most eye trackers need to fix the subject's head using a chin …

Purpose To facilitate the integration of point of gaze (POG) as an input modality for robot-
assisted surgery, we introduce a robust head movement compensation gaze tracking system …