Inspired by physically adaptive, agile, reconfigurable and multifunctional soft-bodied
animals and human muscles, soft actuators have been developed for a variety of …

Manipulation and navigation of micro and nanoswimmers in different fluid environments can
be achieved by chemicals, external fields, or even motile cells. Many researchers have …

Microrobots have attracted the attention of scientists owing to their unique features to
accomplish tasks in hard-to-reach sites in the human body. Microrobots can be precisely …

Untethered small-scale machines (USSMs) that can actively adjust their motion,
deformation, and collective states in response to external stimuli have gained enormous …

Medical micro/nanorobots have received tremendous attention over the past decades owing
to their potential to be navigated into hard-to-reach tissues for a number of biomedical …

Nanorobotic manipulation to access subcellular organelles remains unmet due to the
challenge in achieving intracellular controlled propulsion. Intracellular organelles, such as …